3.3.3 Karnaugh Maps

In computers, parallel processing is the processing of program instructions by dividing them among multiple processors with the objective of running a program in less time.In other words it is  the simultaneous use of several  processors to perform a single job Four basic computer  architectures are  $ single instruction, single data  (SISD),   $ single instruction, multiple data  (SIMD),  $ multiple instruction, single data  (MISD),  $ multiple instruction, multiple data  (MIMD) Single instruction, single data  (SISD) @    A computer that does not have the ability for parallel processing @ There is only one processor executing one set of instructions on a single set of data.   Single instruction, multiple data  (SIMD) @  The processor has several ALUs. Each ALU executes the same instruction but on different data. Multiple instruction, single data  (MISD) Multiple instru...

                                                 User Defined Data Types A user-defined data type (UDT) is a data type that derived from an existing data type. You can use UDTs to extend the built-in types already available and create your own customized data types. Non composite Data Type : Single data type not involving reference to any other data type          Now please note that first four are non composite and in built data types whereas pointer and enumerated data types are non composite and user defined data types * Integer  ( Whole numbers ) * Real ( Decimal Numbers ) * String (Alphanumeric Data ) * Boolean ( True/False ) * Pointer ( Number used to reference a memory location ) * Enumerated ( A list of possible data values ) Enumerated  Pseudocode : TYPE             ...

Flip Flops ( As much as I know from CAIE ) In general Flip flops can be understood as the circuits used for storage purposes . A single flip flop can be used to store a single bit. Hence they can be used in memory in computer systems. As far as I have been through A levels , I came across its 3 types NAND GATES BASED SR FLIP FLOP NOR GATES BASED SR FLIP FLOP  JK FLIP FLOP NAND GATES BASED SR FLIP FLOP This circuit becomes unstable when S=0 and R=0. Why? Because when S = 0 and R = 0 , Q and complement of Q have same value but as we know complement of Q cannot be equal to Q  so we say that the flip flop has become unstable. NOR GATES BASED SR FLIP FLOP  This circuit becomes unstable when S=1 and R=1. Why? Because when S = 1 and R = 1 , Q and complement of Q have same value but as we know complement of Q cannot be equal to Q so we say that the flip flop has become unstable.